Abstract Meat labelling is important to avoid unfair competition practices of producers, processors and sellers aiming gain an economic advantage from misrepresenting cheaper meat products as premium quality ones. Genetic traceability is an ideal tool for the detection and prevention of fraud in the sale of beef. In this work, a method for validating protected status based on a combination of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and a high-throughput real-time PCR protocol was developed. A total of 1,911 beef samples were used to develop and validate an OpenArray® panel consisting of 26 SNPs selected from an ISAG-ICAR panel. The applicability of the method was determined by comparing 143 blind pairs of samples. The combined probability of identity (PI) with the 26 SNPs selected was 2.09-11 with 22 SNPs showing an individual PI lower than 0.4. In all tests, the blind pair of samples were correctly as-signed. The panel designed and validated in this study is of great utility to confirm genetic content of the specific genetic group tested and detect fraud in a routine way that requires a minimum amount of time and is cost effective.

Abstract The FAO and the OMS have warned on the high risk to health from the consumption of fried food due to their high energy density (fats) which leads to obesity, heart problems and the development of toxic compounds, like acrylamide, produced in frying oils. Chile has high obesity indices in adults, who affect 25.1% of the population. A fundamental cause is the increasing consumption of trashed food, like fried potatoes as an inevitable component. This is due mainly to the fact that fats and carbohydrates activate areas of the brain related to pleasure, leading to addiction. In this paper deals with an extruded food product similar to fried potatoes in configuration and organoleptic characteristics; made with raw materials of low commercial value. This product is aimed at producing a food similar to fried potatoes, but with low oil absorption capacity during frying, allowing to offer a healthier alternative to the population. The oil absorption for the samples submitted in both extrusions, were lower than in the commercial product. This fact presents the challenge of obtaining a prototype that generates a lower absorption of oil, realizing the changes that are already glimpsed with the preliminary tests carried out.

Abstract Introduction: during the COVID-19 crisis food habits have changed among the population as food consumption is now carried out totally at home, and visits to groceries or food centers have decreased considerably. Likewise, other habits, such as physical activity or sleeping hours have also been modified. Objectives: the objective of this work was to evaluate the changes occurred in eating and lifestyle habits among the adult Galician population during the confinement period ordered in Spain during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: a survey was conducted using Microsoft Forms, and spread among the population using an instant messaging service for mobiles through the internet. Results: a total of 1350 Galician adults completed the questionnaire; mean of age was 63.2 ± 8.1 years, 30 % were men, and 70 % were women. The obtained data show a trend towards consumption of healthy foods such as fruits and vegetables, and a decrease in less healthy ones such as processed foods. In total, 46 % of the population reported they were eating more than before the confinement, with an increase in snacking between meals (54 %) and in anxiety about food due to situations of stress or nervousness bieng reported by 40 % of respondents. This has resulted in an increase in body weight, reported by 44 % of participants, with the average gain being 2.8 ± 1.5 kg. Conclusions: during confinement, the eating and lifestyle habits of the Galician population have been modified. The weight gain observed in a population that already had a high level of overweight and obesity at confinement onset aggravates the present situation and may have a negative impact on the development of chronic, non-communicable diseases.

Resumen Introducción: en plena crisis por la COVID-19, el consumo alimentario ha pasado a llevarse a cabo en su totalidad en el hogar y las visitas a los centros de distribución de alimentos se han visto reducidas. Asimismo, otros hábitos, como la práctica de ejercicio físico o las horas de sueño, se han visto también modificadas. Objetivos: el objetivo de este trabajo ha sido evaluar los cambios producidos en los hábitos alimentarios y en el estilo de vida de la población gallega durante el período de confinamiento por la COVID-19. Métodos: se elaboró una encuesta en Microsoft Forms para adultos residentes en Galicia y se distribuyó, de manera aleatoria, a través de un servicio de mensajería instantánea para móviles a través de Internet. Resultados: el número de participantes fue de 1350 personas, mayores de edad, siendo el promedio de edad de 63,2 ± 8,1 años y estando la muestra compuesta por un 30 % de hombres y un 70 % de mujeres. Los datos muestran una tendencia hacia el consumo de alimentos saludables, como frutas y verduras, y un descenso de otros menos saludables, como son los alimentos procesados. Un 46 % de la población indicó estar comiendo más que antes del confinamiento, aumentando el picoteo entre horas (54 %) y la ansiedad por la comida, debido a situaciones de estrés o nervios, en un 40 % de los encuestados. Esto se ha traducido en un incremento del peso corporal, indicado por un 44 % de la muestra, siendo la media de kilos ganada de 2,8 ± 1,5. Conclusiones: durante el confinamiento, los hábitos alimentarios y el estilo de vida de la población gallega se han visto modificados. El incremento de peso experimentado en una población que ya partía de un elevado porcentaje de sobrepeso y obesidad al inicio del confinamiento podría tener un impacto negativo en el desarrollo de patologías crónicas no transmisibles.

Abstract Algorithms and calculations are derived to define the target safety level and real safety level for an independent legs offshore jack-up platform before meteorological and oceanographic hazards in a specific location. The risk model helps to define the required safety level which is defined by the annual optimal reliability index, the reserve strength ratio (RSR) and the maximum environmental loads which must survive. Furthermore, the reliability analysis allows to know the installed (real) safety level of the jack-up in terms of reliability index, for which three failure limit states are considered as follows: overturning of the platform, vertical penetration of spud-cans and horizontal sliding of the foundation. If real safety level is higher than the target safety level, then the performance of the jack-up platform is adequate; on the contrary, the jack-up platform would be under a very vulnerable situation. This work is a tool for decision making on the rent of a jack-up rig. A numerical application for two locations in the Gulf of Mexico, which considers different water depths, shows a good safety behavior of this kind of offshore units for the studied conditions.

Resumen Se presentan un modelo de riesgo y otro de confiabilidad que definen la seguridad a exigir y la disponibilidad, respectivamente, de una plataforma marina autoelevable de piernas independientes ante el peligro meteorológico y oceanográfico (metoceánico). Las exigencias se definen en términos del índice de confiabilidad óptimo anual, del factor de reserva de resistencia (RSR) y de solicitaciones metoceánicas. La seguridad disponible se define en términos del índice de confiabilidad calculado a partir de tres estados límite de falla: el vuelco de la plataforma, el hundimiento vertical y deslizamiento lateral de alguna de sus zapatas (spud-can). Si la seguridad disponible es mayor que la que se exige, entonces, el empleo de la autoelevable será adecuado; de lo contrario, la autoelevable y su entorno estarían en una situación muy vulnerable. Además estos modelos serán una herramienta para decidir rentar o no una autoelevable. Al final se realiza una aplicación numérica para dos lugares en el Golfo de México que mostraron un buen comportamiento del sistema empleado.

En este documento se presentan los aspectos más generales, hasta ahora encontrados, de la sintaxis de la oración simple y compuesta de la lengua waunana hablada en Panamá. Este estudio pertenece a un trabajo mayor que tiene como objetivo la elaboración de una gramática descriptiva moderna, de corte tipológico-funcionalista. La investigación se enmarca dentro del trabajo de documentación y revitalización llevado a cabo por el Programa de Lenguas Indígenas de la Baja Centroamérica (PROLIBCA).

This paper shows the most general aspects, so far found, of the syntax of the simple and composed sentence of the Waunana language spoken in Panama. This study is part of a larger investigation that aims to develop a modern descriptive functionalist-typological grammar. The research is part of the documentation and revitalization work undertaken by the Program for Indigenous Languages of the Lower Central America (PROLIBCA).

Este artículo hace una descripción inicial de las características más importantes de la oración simple de la variante de la lengua ngäbére (guaymí) hablada en el Pacífico Sur de Costa Rica. Sin embargo, aunque no es un trabajo comparativo propiamente dicho, sí se hacen unas pequeñas menciones de las propiedades de la oración simple en el ngäbére panameño, sobre el cual existen un poco más de estudios.

This paper makes a preliminary description of the most important features of simple clause in the variant of the Ngäbére language (Guaymí) spoken in the southern Pacific coast of Costa Rica. Although not a proper comparative study, it does make some reference to the characteristics of the simple clause in Panamanian Ngäbére, on which there is a bit more of study.

Este trabajo es el avance de una amplia investigación cuyo propósito es elaborar una gramática descriptiva de la lengua chibcha ngäbére. El artículo presenta las características particulares más relevantes de la frase nominal de dicha variante dialectal (hablada en Costa Rica, también en Panamá), y establece la relación con algunas de las características generales de otras lenguas chibchas ístmicas. El primer apartado del escrito es una introducción a la lengua ngäbére y a sus hablantes; el segundo presenta la morfología de los sustantivos, pronombres y otras clases de palabras que conforman la frase nominal; el tercer apartado trata de la sintaxis de la frase nominal y esboza, de manera sucinta, las relaciones gramaticales; el cuarto apartado es una conclusión valorativa de este trabajo.

This work is a preview of a broader study whose goal is to create a descriptive grammar of the Chibchan language, Ngäbere. The article describes the most relevant features of the dialect's nominal phrase (spoken in Costa Rica and Panama) and establishes the relationship with some of the general features of other Isthmian Chibchan languages. The first part of the report is an introduction to Ngäbere and it speakers; the second, describes the morphology of the nouns, pronouns, and other words that make up the nominal phrase; the third, is about the syntax of the nominal phrase and it outlines in a succinct manner, grammatical relationships; the last part is a critical conclusion of this work.